Posts
Construction of Diamer-Basha dam;
( Hussain Ejaz(Nilt)
“A beginning of new era in Northern Pakistan।”
In respect to the article by Mrs. Merriam your esteemed daily on 26th Jan 2009, I do appreciate the efforts, which have been highlighted by her favor the eights. Gilgit- Baltistan located on the Northern hemisphere of Pakistan, shares its borders with India, republic of China and Central Asia and occupied Kashmir. In Nov.. 1948, the locals sought freedom from Dogras, after having and running their own GOVT “Jamhoria-e- Gilgit” for 22 days, independently gave annexation to Pakistan. Sardar Muhammad Alam, a Naib- Tehsildar from NWFP, after accepting annexation, soon declared Gilgit-Baltistan as “Agency”. However, later in, he imposed FCR.
Whereas in 1974, the late Z.A. Bhutto abolished FCR. Later on, under Karachi agreement in 1969, the region declared among disputed. This was done too, if and when the UN proposed plebiscite in April 1948, is yet to take place. In Nov.., 2004, Perveez Musharraf, then Pakistan’s president, categorically defined the Gilgit-Baltistan among disputed regions.
Now the brain racking question is that our very existence under threat from the very beginning we are termed as disputed among Seven regions of Kashmir. That is why, we have no representative in the Parliament of Pakistan and without access to the apex court of Pakistan.
As for as, the construction of “Basha dam” is concerned; The National Assembly Committee on finance has directed the Ministry of water and power division. The Committee has reported that the dam will be 95% in Northern Area. Yet the maximum financial aid has been awarded to NWFP. Now our state is like a fish out of water. We are guanine clients to have maximum benefits on behalf of dam. We are true lovers of this soil. After having hundred and thousands sacrifices for the protection and shelter of sky high borders of Pakistan, it is our genuine right to claim over our rights.
It is expected that the apex authorities of Pakistan will pay attention to resolve this crucial matter.
Monday, 27 April 2009
Tuesday, 14 April 2009
Thursday, 5 March 2009
कराकुरुम Hihgway
The Karakoram Highway
The Karakoram Highway, or KKH, is the greatest wonder of modern Pakistan and one of the most spectacular roads in the world। Connecting Pakistan to China, it twists through three great mountain ranges - the Himalaya, Karakoram and Pamir - following one of the ancient silk routes along the valleys of the Indus, Gilgit and Nagar rivers to the Chinese border at the Khunjerab Pass। It then crosses the high Central Asian plateau before winding down through the Pamirs to Kashgar, at the western edge of the Taklamakan Desert. By this route, Chinese silks, ceramics, lacquer-work, bronze, iron, furs and spices travelled West, while the wool, linen, ivory, gold, silver, precious and semi-precious stones, asbestos and glass of South Asia and the West travelled East. For much of its 1,284 kms (905 miles), the Karakoram Highway is overshadowed by towering, barren mountains, a high altitude desert enjoying less than 100 millimeters (four inches) of rain a year. In many of the gorges through which it passes, it rides a shelf cut into a sheer cliff face as high as 500 meters (1,600 feet) above the river. The KKH has opened up remote villages where little has changed in hundreds of years, where farmers irrigate tiny terraces to grow small patches of wheat, barely or maize that stand out like emeralds against the grey, stony mountains. The highway is an incredible feat of engineering and an enduring monuments to the 810 Pakistanis and 82 Chinese who died forcing it through what is probably the world's most difficult and unstable terrain. (The unofficial death toll is somewhat higher, coming to nearly one life for each kilometer of road). The Karakoram and the Himalaya, the newest mountain ranges in the world, began to form some 5 million years ago when the Indian sub-continent drifted northwards and rammed into the Asian land mass. By this time the dinosaurs were already extinct. India is still trundling northwards at the geologically reckless rate of five centimeters (two inches) a year, and the mountains are still growing by about seven millimeters (1/4 of an inch), annually. the KKH runs through the middle of this collision belt, where there is an earth tremor, on average, every three minutes. Karakoram is Turkish for 'crumbling rock', an apt description for the giant, grey, snow-capped slag heaps that tower above the gorges cut between them. The Indus River flows northwest, dividing the Himalaya from the Karakoram, before being knocked south by the Hindu Kush. the KKH hugs the banks of the Indus for 310 kilometres of its climb north, winding around the foot of Nanga Parbat, the ninth highest mountain in the world and the western anchor of the Himalaya. The highway then leaves the Indus for the Gilgit, Nagar and Khunjerab rivers to take on the Karakoram Range, which boat 12 of the 30 highest mountains in the world. By the time the road reaches the 4,733 mere (15,528 foot). Khunjerab Pass, it has earned the name of the highest metalled border crossing in the world.
Gilgit
At an elevation of 1453।90 meter lies the Gilgit valley, offers spectacular scenic beauty। It is surrounded by lakes, rivers, glaciers and high mountains ranges. Some of them world's largest peaks, such as Nanga Parbat, 8125 meter and Raka Poshi, 7788 meter are located here. The best season to visit is from May to mid October. The local dialect is Shina, however, Urdu and English are also spoken and understood. Places of Interest Buddhist Rock Carvings carved out of the mountain side are worth paying a visit. It is about 10 kms away from Gilgit and the distance is covered in about 20 minutes in a jeep.
The Victory Monument of Taj Mughal was built about 700 years ago and lies at a distance of 11 kms from Gilgit and it takes about 25 minutes by jeep to get there.
Chaprote
Miles and miles of terraced fields and fruit orchards mark Chaprote, the earlier capital of Nagar Valley। It offers a panoramic view of the Rakaposhi, and other peaks surrounding Nagar Valley. It is about 70 kms from Gilgit and it takes a jeep about 1:15 hours to cover the distance.
Chalt
Chalt is the main village of the picturesque Nagarl valley. The distance is 65 kms and time required to reach there is about 1 hour.
Bar
This spot in the Nagarl valley offers ideal hunting ibex opportunities. It is about 80 kms away and takes2:40 hours to get there.
Nagar
Nagar, the large kingdom across the river from Hunza, was possibly first settled by people from Baltistan who arrived over the mountains by walking along the Biafo and Hispar glaciers. It was settled again in about the 14th century by Hunzakuts who crossed the river. A man called Borosh from Hunza supposedly founded the first village of Boroshal, and married a Balti girl he found there. The legend says the girl and her grandmother were the sole survivors of a landslide that killed all the early Balti settlers.
Nagar is entered by the jeep road that leaves the KKH just beyond the Ganesh
bridge across the Hunza River. The first five kilometres (three miles) of this road are dry and barren, then the road divides. Once branch of crosses the Hispar River on a bridge and climbs up into the fertile villages of central Nagar, where many kilometres of irrigation channels provide pleasant walks through fields and villages right up to the last village of Hoper. You can get here by public transport from Aliabad in Hunza, which leaves most days for Nagar, and occasionally continues to Hopar.
Baltistan
Baltistan, 26,000 square kilometres in area is right below the serrated, jagged and glaciated ramparts of the Karakoram. Once part of Ladkah, it was known as Tibet-i-Khurd - Little Tibet. Archaeological exploration has proven that it was encompassed by the Silk Trade Route. Rock carvings have been discovered along the road between Gol and Khapulu, and Skardu and Satpara Lake. the trade routes here split in Skardu with one leading to Satpara over the Deosai and Burzil Pass (5000 meters high) into Kashmir and another leading to Gol. At Gol it forks again with one trail leading to Khapulu, the other to Kharmang into Leh.
Skardu
Amidst a landscape of towering mountains, deep gorges, crashing waterfalls and quiet lakes, Skardu, the district headquarters of Baltistan, is situated on the banks of the mighty river Indus, just 8 km (5 miles) above its confluence with the river Shigar. Perched at a height of 2286 meters (7,500 ft), Skardu offers a cool and bracing climate. On the eastern boundary of the district lies Ladakh, in the west Gilgit, in the south Indian-held Kashmir and to the north is the Chinese province of Sinkiang. During the summer, Skardu attracts a large number of trekkers and mountaineers from all parts of the world. In fact, the entire region is known as a mountaineers' paradise. Nowhere in the world does one find such a large collection of lofty peaks, including K-2 the world's second highest peak, and huge glaciers like Baltoro, Biafo and Siachen, some of the largest in the world outside the Polar region, as in this 16,283 square km (10,118 square miles) of wonderland.
There are five main valleys in the district Skardu, Shigar, Khaplu, Rondu and Kharmang. All of them produce apricots, peaches, pears and apples in such profusion that this region is known as the land of apricots and apples.
Kharfocho Fort
The construction of Kharfocho fort of the King of forts at Skardu has been attributed to the famous ruler of Skardu - Maqpon Bugha (1490 - 1515 AD), the great grand father of Ali Sher Khan Anchan (1560 - 1625 AD) by Hishatullah. But Moghal historians are of the view that the great fort was built by Ali Sher Khan Anchan himself. This view is upheld by European writers such as Cunningham, Foso Marine, G.T. Vagne etc. Some observations about this fort shave been made in the Imperial Gazetteer of British India. It states that one of the most famous of the Gralpos (Monarchs of Skardu), Ali Sher Khan, who ruled till the end of the 16th century, conquered Ladakh and built a fort at Skardu.
Mindoq Khar
This palace was built by Gul Khatoon or Mindoq Gialmo on the hill where now stands the Kharfocho fort only. The palace was named after the queen as 'Mindoq Khar' meaning the 'Flower Palace'. The Palace was destroyed by the troops of the Sikh ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Gulab Singh, when he invaded Skardu in 1840 AD.
Hilal Bagh and Chahar Bagh
Just below the Mindoq Khar or Flower Palace, there was a terraced garden with fountains built in marble. This royal garden covered the areas from Mindoq Khan to the present bazaar at Skardu where the newly constructed road crosses the channel. A palace built in marble with towers also stood in the middle of the garden, above the Polo Ground which is called Ghudi Changra. The palace was destroyed during the great floods in the area after the death of Ali Sher Khan Anchan and a marble Baradari was later constructed at this palace. This royal garden was named Hilal Bagh (Crescent Garden). Another garden was also laid which was named Chhar Bagh on the site where a Girls College stands now. The said garden was laid on the orders of the Queen while her husband was away to Gilgit and then to Chitral. As the mother tongue of the Queen was Persian, she gave Persian name to these gardens.
Buddhist Rock
There is only one surviving Buddhist Rock with rock carvings in the Skardu Valley located on Satpara road. Probably the rock carvings and images of Buddha date back to the period of Great Tibetan Empire. When the Buddhist people of Gandhara migrated and passed through the present northern areas of Pakistan, they settled at some places temporarily and carved drawings of Stupas, scenes of their experiences and images of Buddha with texts in Kharoshti language. There were a number of such Buddhist rock carvings in the Skardu Valley. Probably those rocks were used either by Ali Sher Khan Anchan as building material or submerged in the Satpara lake. Scholars and researchers like Dr. A.H. Dani from Pakistan and some from other countries have done lot of research work on these rock carvings and have since deciphered the text of the carvings in Kharoshti language.
Satpara Lake
8 km (5 miles) south of Skardu, 20 minutes by jeep, lies the Satpara Lake. Surrounded by high glacial mountains, this lake has an island in the middle of its clear waters, which can be reached by boat. The lake is considered ideal for fishing.
Kachura Lake
About 32 kms (20 miles) from Skardu, 2 hours by jeep, lie the shimmering waters of the Kachura Lake. In the springtime its banks are adorned by a multitude of colorful flowers, while the trees are laden with peach, apricot and apple blossoms. The lake offers great opportunities for trout fishing.
Shigar Valley
The Shigar Valley, 32 kms (20 miles) from Skardu and 2 hours by jeep, is watered by the Shigar River. It forms the gateway to the great mountain peaks of the Karakoram, including Mount K-2. The valley has an extremely picturesque landscape, and abounds in fruit such as grapes, peaches, pears, walnuts and apricots.
Khaplu Valley
This beautiful valley of the Shyok River is 103 kms (64 miles) from Skardu and 6 hours by jeep. There is a sprawling village perched on the slopes of the steep mountains that hem in the river. Many famous mountains, such as Masherbrum, K-6, K-7, Sherpi Kangh, Sia Kangri, Saltoro Kangri etc. are located here.
The Karakoram Highway, or KKH, is the greatest wonder of modern Pakistan and one of the most spectacular roads in the world। Connecting Pakistan to China, it twists through three great mountain ranges - the Himalaya, Karakoram and Pamir - following one of the ancient silk routes along the valleys of the Indus, Gilgit and Nagar rivers to the Chinese border at the Khunjerab Pass। It then crosses the high Central Asian plateau before winding down through the Pamirs to Kashgar, at the western edge of the Taklamakan Desert. By this route, Chinese silks, ceramics, lacquer-work, bronze, iron, furs and spices travelled West, while the wool, linen, ivory, gold, silver, precious and semi-precious stones, asbestos and glass of South Asia and the West travelled East. For much of its 1,284 kms (905 miles), the Karakoram Highway is overshadowed by towering, barren mountains, a high altitude desert enjoying less than 100 millimeters (four inches) of rain a year. In many of the gorges through which it passes, it rides a shelf cut into a sheer cliff face as high as 500 meters (1,600 feet) above the river. The KKH has opened up remote villages where little has changed in hundreds of years, where farmers irrigate tiny terraces to grow small patches of wheat, barely or maize that stand out like emeralds against the grey, stony mountains. The highway is an incredible feat of engineering and an enduring monuments to the 810 Pakistanis and 82 Chinese who died forcing it through what is probably the world's most difficult and unstable terrain. (The unofficial death toll is somewhat higher, coming to nearly one life for each kilometer of road). The Karakoram and the Himalaya, the newest mountain ranges in the world, began to form some 5 million years ago when the Indian sub-continent drifted northwards and rammed into the Asian land mass. By this time the dinosaurs were already extinct. India is still trundling northwards at the geologically reckless rate of five centimeters (two inches) a year, and the mountains are still growing by about seven millimeters (1/4 of an inch), annually. the KKH runs through the middle of this collision belt, where there is an earth tremor, on average, every three minutes. Karakoram is Turkish for 'crumbling rock', an apt description for the giant, grey, snow-capped slag heaps that tower above the gorges cut between them. The Indus River flows northwest, dividing the Himalaya from the Karakoram, before being knocked south by the Hindu Kush. the KKH hugs the banks of the Indus for 310 kilometres of its climb north, winding around the foot of Nanga Parbat, the ninth highest mountain in the world and the western anchor of the Himalaya. The highway then leaves the Indus for the Gilgit, Nagar and Khunjerab rivers to take on the Karakoram Range, which boat 12 of the 30 highest mountains in the world. By the time the road reaches the 4,733 mere (15,528 foot). Khunjerab Pass, it has earned the name of the highest metalled border crossing in the world.
Gilgit
At an elevation of 1453।90 meter lies the Gilgit valley, offers spectacular scenic beauty। It is surrounded by lakes, rivers, glaciers and high mountains ranges. Some of them world's largest peaks, such as Nanga Parbat, 8125 meter and Raka Poshi, 7788 meter are located here. The best season to visit is from May to mid October. The local dialect is Shina, however, Urdu and English are also spoken and understood. Places of Interest Buddhist Rock Carvings carved out of the mountain side are worth paying a visit. It is about 10 kms away from Gilgit and the distance is covered in about 20 minutes in a jeep.
The Victory Monument of Taj Mughal was built about 700 years ago and lies at a distance of 11 kms from Gilgit and it takes about 25 minutes by jeep to get there.
Chaprote
Miles and miles of terraced fields and fruit orchards mark Chaprote, the earlier capital of Nagar Valley। It offers a panoramic view of the Rakaposhi, and other peaks surrounding Nagar Valley. It is about 70 kms from Gilgit and it takes a jeep about 1:15 hours to cover the distance.
Chalt
Chalt is the main village of the picturesque Nagarl valley. The distance is 65 kms and time required to reach there is about 1 hour.
Bar
This spot in the Nagarl valley offers ideal hunting ibex opportunities. It is about 80 kms away and takes2:40 hours to get there.
Nagar
Nagar, the large kingdom across the river from Hunza, was possibly first settled by people from Baltistan who arrived over the mountains by walking along the Biafo and Hispar glaciers. It was settled again in about the 14th century by Hunzakuts who crossed the river. A man called Borosh from Hunza supposedly founded the first village of Boroshal, and married a Balti girl he found there. The legend says the girl and her grandmother were the sole survivors of a landslide that killed all the early Balti settlers.
Nagar is entered by the jeep road that leaves the KKH just beyond the Ganesh
bridge across the Hunza River. The first five kilometres (three miles) of this road are dry and barren, then the road divides. Once branch of crosses the Hispar River on a bridge and climbs up into the fertile villages of central Nagar, where many kilometres of irrigation channels provide pleasant walks through fields and villages right up to the last village of Hoper. You can get here by public transport from Aliabad in Hunza, which leaves most days for Nagar, and occasionally continues to Hopar.
Baltistan
Baltistan, 26,000 square kilometres in area is right below the serrated, jagged and glaciated ramparts of the Karakoram. Once part of Ladkah, it was known as Tibet-i-Khurd - Little Tibet. Archaeological exploration has proven that it was encompassed by the Silk Trade Route. Rock carvings have been discovered along the road between Gol and Khapulu, and Skardu and Satpara Lake. the trade routes here split in Skardu with one leading to Satpara over the Deosai and Burzil Pass (5000 meters high) into Kashmir and another leading to Gol. At Gol it forks again with one trail leading to Khapulu, the other to Kharmang into Leh.
Skardu
Amidst a landscape of towering mountains, deep gorges, crashing waterfalls and quiet lakes, Skardu, the district headquarters of Baltistan, is situated on the banks of the mighty river Indus, just 8 km (5 miles) above its confluence with the river Shigar. Perched at a height of 2286 meters (7,500 ft), Skardu offers a cool and bracing climate. On the eastern boundary of the district lies Ladakh, in the west Gilgit, in the south Indian-held Kashmir and to the north is the Chinese province of Sinkiang. During the summer, Skardu attracts a large number of trekkers and mountaineers from all parts of the world. In fact, the entire region is known as a mountaineers' paradise. Nowhere in the world does one find such a large collection of lofty peaks, including K-2 the world's second highest peak, and huge glaciers like Baltoro, Biafo and Siachen, some of the largest in the world outside the Polar region, as in this 16,283 square km (10,118 square miles) of wonderland.
There are five main valleys in the district Skardu, Shigar, Khaplu, Rondu and Kharmang. All of them produce apricots, peaches, pears and apples in such profusion that this region is known as the land of apricots and apples.
Kharfocho Fort
The construction of Kharfocho fort of the King of forts at Skardu has been attributed to the famous ruler of Skardu - Maqpon Bugha (1490 - 1515 AD), the great grand father of Ali Sher Khan Anchan (1560 - 1625 AD) by Hishatullah. But Moghal historians are of the view that the great fort was built by Ali Sher Khan Anchan himself. This view is upheld by European writers such as Cunningham, Foso Marine, G.T. Vagne etc. Some observations about this fort shave been made in the Imperial Gazetteer of British India. It states that one of the most famous of the Gralpos (Monarchs of Skardu), Ali Sher Khan, who ruled till the end of the 16th century, conquered Ladakh and built a fort at Skardu.
Mindoq Khar
This palace was built by Gul Khatoon or Mindoq Gialmo on the hill where now stands the Kharfocho fort only. The palace was named after the queen as 'Mindoq Khar' meaning the 'Flower Palace'. The Palace was destroyed by the troops of the Sikh ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Gulab Singh, when he invaded Skardu in 1840 AD.
Hilal Bagh and Chahar Bagh
Just below the Mindoq Khar or Flower Palace, there was a terraced garden with fountains built in marble. This royal garden covered the areas from Mindoq Khan to the present bazaar at Skardu where the newly constructed road crosses the channel. A palace built in marble with towers also stood in the middle of the garden, above the Polo Ground which is called Ghudi Changra. The palace was destroyed during the great floods in the area after the death of Ali Sher Khan Anchan and a marble Baradari was later constructed at this palace. This royal garden was named Hilal Bagh (Crescent Garden). Another garden was also laid which was named Chhar Bagh on the site where a Girls College stands now. The said garden was laid on the orders of the Queen while her husband was away to Gilgit and then to Chitral. As the mother tongue of the Queen was Persian, she gave Persian name to these gardens.
Buddhist Rock
There is only one surviving Buddhist Rock with rock carvings in the Skardu Valley located on Satpara road. Probably the rock carvings and images of Buddha date back to the period of Great Tibetan Empire. When the Buddhist people of Gandhara migrated and passed through the present northern areas of Pakistan, they settled at some places temporarily and carved drawings of Stupas, scenes of their experiences and images of Buddha with texts in Kharoshti language. There were a number of such Buddhist rock carvings in the Skardu Valley. Probably those rocks were used either by Ali Sher Khan Anchan as building material or submerged in the Satpara lake. Scholars and researchers like Dr. A.H. Dani from Pakistan and some from other countries have done lot of research work on these rock carvings and have since deciphered the text of the carvings in Kharoshti language.
Satpara Lake
8 km (5 miles) south of Skardu, 20 minutes by jeep, lies the Satpara Lake. Surrounded by high glacial mountains, this lake has an island in the middle of its clear waters, which can be reached by boat. The lake is considered ideal for fishing.
Kachura Lake
About 32 kms (20 miles) from Skardu, 2 hours by jeep, lie the shimmering waters of the Kachura Lake. In the springtime its banks are adorned by a multitude of colorful flowers, while the trees are laden with peach, apricot and apple blossoms. The lake offers great opportunities for trout fishing.
Shigar Valley
The Shigar Valley, 32 kms (20 miles) from Skardu and 2 hours by jeep, is watered by the Shigar River. It forms the gateway to the great mountain peaks of the Karakoram, including Mount K-2. The valley has an extremely picturesque landscape, and abounds in fruit such as grapes, peaches, pears, walnuts and apricots.
Khaplu Valley
This beautiful valley of the Shyok River is 103 kms (64 miles) from Skardu and 6 hours by jeep. There is a sprawling village perched on the slopes of the steep mountains that hem in the river. Many famous mountains, such as Masherbrum, K-6, K-7, Sherpi Kangh, Sia Kangri, Saltoro Kangri etc. are located here.
Tuesday, 3 March 2009
Saturday, 21 February 2009
Culture of Chaprote
CULTURE NAME
Shinaki
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
While the official name of the nation is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, generally the country has been referred to as Pakistan since 1971.
ORIENTATION
Identification.
As part of Pakistan's independence from Great Britain in 1947, a partition took part of their land and created Pakistan as a separate Islamic nation. It is estimated that approximately 95 percent of the population are Muslim, but members of several minority religions live there, including some Hindus, Christians, Parsis, Sikhs, and Buddhists. The British Govt at the time of independece gave rights to the States that "It is your choice to whome with you want to live" The king of the Nagar state decided to accept Pakistan and singned an agreement with Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinah. According this agreement Pakistan should accept Nagar as a seprate state. Capital of the Nagar State initially was Chaprote due to its safe location. By the time foriegn affairs of the Nagar State smoothed withe the nighbours i.e Hunza and other states, and the King choose Chalt as capital. The Pakistani law will be acceptable but not enforceable in the state. All issues of the state will be handled within the state by their own laws. It has been also decided in this agreement that the arm forces of Pakistan and law enforcement agencies will defend the State interest. During the nationalization period in Pakistan, after twenty four years of the independence of GILGIT and twenty five years after the independence of Pakistan Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto ended the (Raggi nizam) state's role. In the struggle of the independence Chaprote "THE VALLEY OF PROTECTION" once again provide protection for the heroes of the strugal. The local people played the key role in the independece of the vallies from the hated rulars. Many people from the valley had been arrested for supporting to the strugal of independece and the residents also fought battle against the King.
Location and Geography.
Chaprote has an area of 3 square kilometres.The region is significantly mountainous, lying on the foothills of the Karakoram mountains, and has an average altitude of 1,600 metres (4,910 ft). It is drained by the two rivers which are rising from the north of the vally from Kachaili and Gapa.(Pastures)
At the north of the valley Bar valley is connecting through mountainous greenfields.
Demography.
The population of Chaprote is estimated to be three thousand. In addition to the residents of the major sectors of Kot, Chukbar, Khanegi, Gaeba and Rabat which is the sector connecting Chaprote with Chalt valley. A major part of the population had migrated to other vallies, towns and different cities of Pakistan in sreach of education and employement.Residents of the valley are purely Muslims(Shia Jaferi).
Foods of the valley plays a role in the celebrations i.e marriages, Eid at the end of the Ramadan fasting period. This starts with a special breakfast of sheerik with tea (dasi paratha), which is cooked in pakwan at mornning prepared two days earlier with dried almonds,appricots and other nuts. In addition, crowds hurry to local bazaars to purchase meat, and sweets as well as new clothes and jewelry.Sheriks are distributed as part of the celebration of the eid.
Mull (a dasi dish cooked in dasi ghee) cooked as part of the celebration of the birth of a new baby in a family, and an animal sacrificial offering is madeon the death—one on the day of death and second and third on the seventh day aand fourty th day respectivelly. Food also is involved in a ceremony celebrating a child becoming six or seven days old. After this ceremony the adults then hold an elaborate dinner concluded with a special dessert called Mull.
Basic Economy.
Chaprote is relativelly unstable intrems of its economy It is due to the sanctions imposed by the Nagar state on education. Nearlly 80% of the economy is dependent on agriculture. . The average per capita income per person in Chaprote is estimated at $460 (U.S.). .
Land Tenure and Property.
An estimated 69980 acres of land are used for agriculture. The major crops are wheat, Maiz and sugarcane. A large amount of land in Chaprote is coverd by the natural forest which remains covered with snow during winter for four months from Nov...to Feburuary.
Commercial Activities.
A large percentage of the commercial activities include the sale of handicraft items such as the woodenspons, other wooden pots for which Chaprote is well known.
Trade.
Chaprote's major trade include potato, onion, and dry fruits, wooden items and handicrafts.
NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS
There are a number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in Chaprote, including the Locally founded Taleem-o-Tarbiat Foundation, as well as AKS, to which a large number of men belong. The World Bank and its various agencies have been active in Chaprote since last few years and all the other agencies except the local one had closed their operations.
The Aga Khan Rural Support Program has worked to build up village organizations with separate groups for men and women and then, through their groups, to launch a number of development activities. The Orange Pilot Project, headquartered in Karachi, has been active in urban development, including working to improve one of Karachi's worst slum areas, with the first focus being on sanitation, followed by a range of community development activities.
GENDER ROLES AND STATUSES
Division of Labor by Gender.
The majority of Chaprote women are homemakers, and men are generally referred to as the breadwinners. The largest percentage of working women in Chaprote are in agricultral sector or teachers. .
The Relative Status of Women and Men.
The women of Chaprote are not regular voters as are the men, and women are regular attendees at colleges. Islam gives women rights to child custody, to alimony, and to inheritance, and they also have the right to conduct business and enter any profession. Women are engaged in agriculture production and the services sector. But women are deprived from all thes rights due less attention of the Govt and NGOs.
MARRIAGE and FAMILY
Marriage.
One form of a Muslim marriage involves a nikah, a formal legal document signed by the bride and groom in front of several witnesses; this establishes that the couple is legally married.
There are other Muslim marriage traditions as well. One includes the mayun or lagan which takes place three or four days before the marriage and starts with the bride retiring to a secluded area of her home. On the day before the marriage there is a menhdi ceremony, when the bride's hands and feet are painted with henna. When the marriage ceremony takes place it is required that at least two witnesses be there, and all the guests offer a short prayer for the success of the marriage. After the ceremony, dry fruits are distributed to the guests.
Inheritance.
Women have inheritance rights so that inheritance benefits can go to women and children after the death of the husband and father.
SOCIALIZATION
Infant Care.
The addition of a new baby to a family is seen as a great blessing and there are a wide variety of ceremonies that take place both at the birth and throughout the different stages of infancy. To help families with infant care there is no child health centers throughout the valley.
Child Rearing and Education.
Most families consider it the privilege of the grandfather to name the baby. Another tradition is that the first hair cut of the baby shuld do the uncle of the baby. The child is usually named within four days after birth and thus is generally known by a nickname until then. A baby boy's hair is shaved off, with the belief that this will then ensure thick growth throughout life.
In February 1998 the prime minister of Pakistan announced a draft for a new education policy from 1998 to 2010, to increase the number of elementary and secondary schools to meet the projected enrollment of twelve million children, including about six million female children in the primary schools by 2003. The draft also suggested establishment of community-based nonformal schools to fill the school gap and to help minimize the cost of primary schools. The new education policy also proposed training about thirty-six thousand teachers each year from 1998 to 2003 to maintain a pupil-teacher ratio of forty to one, with most new teachers to be females. A reduction in military spending was also proposed so funds could be channeled toward countrywide primary education for all children.
In spite of these announcements non of the Govt persom[nal payed attention to the NAs. Studendts of chaprote valley are still travelling five Klm on foot for education because there is no high school within the valley.
Higher Education. Higher education is seen as having an important role in preparing an individual for a successful career. There is only one Govt School up to Middle level inspite of no attention of the Govt literacy rate is more than 70% which shows thurst of education. The Govt offers high scholarships for the Kashmiri students and separate special seats in different institutions throughout the country but students of NAs are deprived of all these rights.
MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE
At a seminar at Aga Khan Medical University in September of 1998, medical experts reported that perinatal mortality rates in Pakistan were alarmingly high, with an estimated 54 deaths per thousand births. A 1990–1994 national health survey reported that eighty-nine children per thousand under age five died in Pakistan from pneumonia, diarrhea, vaccine prevention diseases, or a combination of them, with most of these deaths occurring in the first week after birth.
A number of programs have been undertaken to attack polio; the World Health Organization and Japan have participated. At the end of the twentieth century, there were one hundred thousand deaths from and at least twenty thousand new cases of paralytic polio each year.
A survey by the Federal Bureau of Statistics in Pakistan indicated that about 50 percent of the basic health units were without doctors and that about 70 percent of government health facilities are without any female staff. Only about 56 percent of the country's people have safe drinking water and just 24 percent have good sanitation.
Programs are underway to expand basic health services for women, develop a women-friendly district health system, and both strengthen and improve human resource capacity to sustain women's health development.
SECULAR CELEBRATIONS
Official national holidays include: Pakistan Day, 23 March; May Day, 1 May; Independence Day, August 14; Defense of Pakistan Day, 6 September; death of Ali Jinnah, 11 September; and birth of Ali Jinnah, 25 December.
The Awami Mela or Polo held annually each March, is a six-day pageant that features sports, cattle displays, and enormous crowds of people. Special events include polo,Dasi music show, male dance shows.
Often a national holiday is declared when Pakistan's national cricket team wins a major international match.
THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES
Support for the Arts.
The Pakistan National Council of the Arts (PNCA) has established the National Gallery, the Sadequinn Gallery, and the National Music and Dance Center. They also regularly hold exhibitions, seminars and theater workshops.It is the right of every individual to participate in these activities unfortunatelly we are deprived.
In the early 1970s the National Film Development Corporation was formed to use film to make people aware of social and cultural values. The corporation holds film festivals regularly but only for the people who are living in cities. In the vallies there are many sites for the film makers the some time visited but neglected their rights.
Literature.
Chaprote is one of the oldest valley in Nagar State. There were many peots in shina language but unfortunately those voices had not recorded due lack of technology. One of the most famous name in the history is the great Baitham who was a geat singer of his own songs. He sung song for his beloved through his life. First time he sung on the day of his beloved, so his songs are famous for the singers who were singing on marriage cermonies.
The other one is a lady belongs to the "Puyaer" family who sung songs in the context of grief due to ristrictions imposed by her family to marry with her beloved.
Graphic Arts.
There are a wide variety of graphic art examples, including handpainted clay products, the hand design for batik products, and block printing called chapan and shuka. Glazed pottery with handpainted designs is common throughout the valley, and artistic work in clay and on wooden furnitures goes back to many years of years. They were skilled in making different designs on woods in their houses.
Chaproti handicrafts are as varied as the ethnic backgrounds of the craftsmen and include work in wood, beaten brass and copperware, pottery, and jewelry, a wide variety of fabrics that feature embroidery, and the hand-designed carpets for which Chaprote is famouse, but unfortunatelly due to the negligence of the Govt of Pakistan all these had burried under poverty.
Performance Arts.
There are so many dance and music performance arts in the valley—many unique to the ethnic culture of the performer—that they are almost considered common rather than unique. Music and dance are done in the both classical and folk form. Usually the performer wears a costume that features ethnic design.
Just as the costume worn by the performer identifies the ethnic group, so does the music or performance. For example, while dancing in a circle is the basic formation for valley's folk dances, there are also many versions like Shin , Yeshkun but they all begin with dancers in two columns accompanied by pipe and drum music. It is a dance that is performed as part of a victory or celebration.
There are two main families of musical instruments in Chaprote and many musical instruments; the most well known are the sitar, Tutak, Suranae. The most popular of all the instruments is the tutak, suranae and drum, the drum is reputedly the most important accompaniment for all Shinaki music and dancing. Nearly all the instruments are used primarily for performances; the Western concept of orchestral music is not part of the musical heritage. However, Western instruments such as the piano, violin, and accordion are now often included in Shinaki concerts because they are adaptable to Shinaki music.
THE STATE OF THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
In the social sciences, one of the major concerns is the low rate of literacy and corrupt social system in Pakistan which directly affects the societies of the innocent villagers. Efforts are being made and outside the educational establishment to address this concern. Another social concern is that frequently young children must work—most often in agricultural sector —to supplement the family's income and sometimes to provide the sole income in the family. As a result, the children do not have time to attend school. Efforts made to address this problem have often involved trying to find work for the parents are possible but the Govt of Pakistan hadn't cosider issues like this.
In the physical sciences one of the largest problems is that because of ever-increasing population growth, natural resources are often misused, with land being lost to desertification, waterlogging, and soil erosion. There is increasing contamination of surface water from agricultural chemicals. Because of the important role of agriculture in the overall economy of the country, agricultural production is and will continue to be greatly threatened by land degradation unless solutions can be found rapidly.
Shinaki
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
While the official name of the nation is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, generally the country has been referred to as Pakistan since 1971.
ORIENTATION
Identification.
As part of Pakistan's independence from Great Britain in 1947, a partition took part of their land and created Pakistan as a separate Islamic nation. It is estimated that approximately 95 percent of the population are Muslim, but members of several minority religions live there, including some Hindus, Christians, Parsis, Sikhs, and Buddhists. The British Govt at the time of independece gave rights to the States that "It is your choice to whome with you want to live" The king of the Nagar state decided to accept Pakistan and singned an agreement with Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinah. According this agreement Pakistan should accept Nagar as a seprate state. Capital of the Nagar State initially was Chaprote due to its safe location. By the time foriegn affairs of the Nagar State smoothed withe the nighbours i.e Hunza and other states, and the King choose Chalt as capital. The Pakistani law will be acceptable but not enforceable in the state. All issues of the state will be handled within the state by their own laws. It has been also decided in this agreement that the arm forces of Pakistan and law enforcement agencies will defend the State interest. During the nationalization period in Pakistan, after twenty four years of the independence of GILGIT and twenty five years after the independence of Pakistan Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto ended the (Raggi nizam) state's role. In the struggle of the independence Chaprote "THE VALLEY OF PROTECTION" once again provide protection for the heroes of the strugal. The local people played the key role in the independece of the vallies from the hated rulars. Many people from the valley had been arrested for supporting to the strugal of independece and the residents also fought battle against the King.
Location and Geography.
Chaprote has an area of 3 square kilometres.The region is significantly mountainous, lying on the foothills of the Karakoram mountains, and has an average altitude of 1,600 metres (4,910 ft). It is drained by the two rivers which are rising from the north of the vally from Kachaili and Gapa.(Pastures)
At the north of the valley Bar valley is connecting through mountainous greenfields.
Demography.
The population of Chaprote is estimated to be three thousand. In addition to the residents of the major sectors of Kot, Chukbar, Khanegi, Gaeba and Rabat which is the sector connecting Chaprote with Chalt valley. A major part of the population had migrated to other vallies, towns and different cities of Pakistan in sreach of education and employement.Residents of the valley are purely Muslims(Shia Jaferi).
Foods of the valley plays a role in the celebrations i.e marriages, Eid at the end of the Ramadan fasting period. This starts with a special breakfast of sheerik with tea (dasi paratha), which is cooked in pakwan at mornning prepared two days earlier with dried almonds,appricots and other nuts. In addition, crowds hurry to local bazaars to purchase meat, and sweets as well as new clothes and jewelry.Sheriks are distributed as part of the celebration of the eid.
Mull (a dasi dish cooked in dasi ghee) cooked as part of the celebration of the birth of a new baby in a family, and an animal sacrificial offering is madeon the death—one on the day of death and second and third on the seventh day aand fourty th day respectivelly. Food also is involved in a ceremony celebrating a child becoming six or seven days old. After this ceremony the adults then hold an elaborate dinner concluded with a special dessert called Mull.
Basic Economy.
Chaprote is relativelly unstable intrems of its economy It is due to the sanctions imposed by the Nagar state on education. Nearlly 80% of the economy is dependent on agriculture. . The average per capita income per person in Chaprote is estimated at $460 (U.S.). .
Land Tenure and Property.
An estimated 69980 acres of land are used for agriculture. The major crops are wheat, Maiz and sugarcane. A large amount of land in Chaprote is coverd by the natural forest which remains covered with snow during winter for four months from Nov...to Feburuary.
Commercial Activities.
A large percentage of the commercial activities include the sale of handicraft items such as the woodenspons, other wooden pots for which Chaprote is well known.
Trade.
Chaprote's major trade include potato, onion, and dry fruits, wooden items and handicrafts.
NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS
There are a number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in Chaprote, including the Locally founded Taleem-o-Tarbiat Foundation, as well as AKS, to which a large number of men belong. The World Bank and its various agencies have been active in Chaprote since last few years and all the other agencies except the local one had closed their operations.
The Aga Khan Rural Support Program has worked to build up village organizations with separate groups for men and women and then, through their groups, to launch a number of development activities. The Orange Pilot Project, headquartered in Karachi, has been active in urban development, including working to improve one of Karachi's worst slum areas, with the first focus being on sanitation, followed by a range of community development activities.
GENDER ROLES AND STATUSES
Division of Labor by Gender.
The majority of Chaprote women are homemakers, and men are generally referred to as the breadwinners. The largest percentage of working women in Chaprote are in agricultral sector or teachers. .
The Relative Status of Women and Men.
The women of Chaprote are not regular voters as are the men, and women are regular attendees at colleges. Islam gives women rights to child custody, to alimony, and to inheritance, and they also have the right to conduct business and enter any profession. Women are engaged in agriculture production and the services sector. But women are deprived from all thes rights due less attention of the Govt and NGOs.
MARRIAGE and FAMILY
Marriage.
One form of a Muslim marriage involves a nikah, a formal legal document signed by the bride and groom in front of several witnesses; this establishes that the couple is legally married.
There are other Muslim marriage traditions as well. One includes the mayun or lagan which takes place three or four days before the marriage and starts with the bride retiring to a secluded area of her home. On the day before the marriage there is a menhdi ceremony, when the bride's hands and feet are painted with henna. When the marriage ceremony takes place it is required that at least two witnesses be there, and all the guests offer a short prayer for the success of the marriage. After the ceremony, dry fruits are distributed to the guests.
Inheritance.
Women have inheritance rights so that inheritance benefits can go to women and children after the death of the husband and father.
SOCIALIZATION
Infant Care.
The addition of a new baby to a family is seen as a great blessing and there are a wide variety of ceremonies that take place both at the birth and throughout the different stages of infancy. To help families with infant care there is no child health centers throughout the valley.
Child Rearing and Education.
Most families consider it the privilege of the grandfather to name the baby. Another tradition is that the first hair cut of the baby shuld do the uncle of the baby. The child is usually named within four days after birth and thus is generally known by a nickname until then. A baby boy's hair is shaved off, with the belief that this will then ensure thick growth throughout life.
In February 1998 the prime minister of Pakistan announced a draft for a new education policy from 1998 to 2010, to increase the number of elementary and secondary schools to meet the projected enrollment of twelve million children, including about six million female children in the primary schools by 2003. The draft also suggested establishment of community-based nonformal schools to fill the school gap and to help minimize the cost of primary schools. The new education policy also proposed training about thirty-six thousand teachers each year from 1998 to 2003 to maintain a pupil-teacher ratio of forty to one, with most new teachers to be females. A reduction in military spending was also proposed so funds could be channeled toward countrywide primary education for all children.
In spite of these announcements non of the Govt persom[nal payed attention to the NAs. Studendts of chaprote valley are still travelling five Klm on foot for education because there is no high school within the valley.
Higher Education. Higher education is seen as having an important role in preparing an individual for a successful career. There is only one Govt School up to Middle level inspite of no attention of the Govt literacy rate is more than 70% which shows thurst of education. The Govt offers high scholarships for the Kashmiri students and separate special seats in different institutions throughout the country but students of NAs are deprived of all these rights.
MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE
At a seminar at Aga Khan Medical University in September of 1998, medical experts reported that perinatal mortality rates in Pakistan were alarmingly high, with an estimated 54 deaths per thousand births. A 1990–1994 national health survey reported that eighty-nine children per thousand under age five died in Pakistan from pneumonia, diarrhea, vaccine prevention diseases, or a combination of them, with most of these deaths occurring in the first week after birth.
A number of programs have been undertaken to attack polio; the World Health Organization and Japan have participated. At the end of the twentieth century, there were one hundred thousand deaths from and at least twenty thousand new cases of paralytic polio each year.
A survey by the Federal Bureau of Statistics in Pakistan indicated that about 50 percent of the basic health units were without doctors and that about 70 percent of government health facilities are without any female staff. Only about 56 percent of the country's people have safe drinking water and just 24 percent have good sanitation.
Programs are underway to expand basic health services for women, develop a women-friendly district health system, and both strengthen and improve human resource capacity to sustain women's health development.
SECULAR CELEBRATIONS
Official national holidays include: Pakistan Day, 23 March; May Day, 1 May; Independence Day, August 14; Defense of Pakistan Day, 6 September; death of Ali Jinnah, 11 September; and birth of Ali Jinnah, 25 December.
The Awami Mela or Polo held annually each March, is a six-day pageant that features sports, cattle displays, and enormous crowds of people. Special events include polo,Dasi music show, male dance shows.
Often a national holiday is declared when Pakistan's national cricket team wins a major international match.
THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES
Support for the Arts.
The Pakistan National Council of the Arts (PNCA) has established the National Gallery, the Sadequinn Gallery, and the National Music and Dance Center. They also regularly hold exhibitions, seminars and theater workshops.It is the right of every individual to participate in these activities unfortunatelly we are deprived.
In the early 1970s the National Film Development Corporation was formed to use film to make people aware of social and cultural values. The corporation holds film festivals regularly but only for the people who are living in cities. In the vallies there are many sites for the film makers the some time visited but neglected their rights.
Literature.
Chaprote is one of the oldest valley in Nagar State. There were many peots in shina language but unfortunately those voices had not recorded due lack of technology. One of the most famous name in the history is the great Baitham who was a geat singer of his own songs. He sung song for his beloved through his life. First time he sung on the day of his beloved, so his songs are famous for the singers who were singing on marriage cermonies.
The other one is a lady belongs to the "Puyaer" family who sung songs in the context of grief due to ristrictions imposed by her family to marry with her beloved.
Graphic Arts.
There are a wide variety of graphic art examples, including handpainted clay products, the hand design for batik products, and block printing called chapan and shuka. Glazed pottery with handpainted designs is common throughout the valley, and artistic work in clay and on wooden furnitures goes back to many years of years. They were skilled in making different designs on woods in their houses.
Chaproti handicrafts are as varied as the ethnic backgrounds of the craftsmen and include work in wood, beaten brass and copperware, pottery, and jewelry, a wide variety of fabrics that feature embroidery, and the hand-designed carpets for which Chaprote is famouse, but unfortunatelly due to the negligence of the Govt of Pakistan all these had burried under poverty.
Performance Arts.
There are so many dance and music performance arts in the valley—many unique to the ethnic culture of the performer—that they are almost considered common rather than unique. Music and dance are done in the both classical and folk form. Usually the performer wears a costume that features ethnic design.
Just as the costume worn by the performer identifies the ethnic group, so does the music or performance. For example, while dancing in a circle is the basic formation for valley's folk dances, there are also many versions like Shin , Yeshkun but they all begin with dancers in two columns accompanied by pipe and drum music. It is a dance that is performed as part of a victory or celebration.
There are two main families of musical instruments in Chaprote and many musical instruments; the most well known are the sitar, Tutak, Suranae. The most popular of all the instruments is the tutak, suranae and drum, the drum is reputedly the most important accompaniment for all Shinaki music and dancing. Nearly all the instruments are used primarily for performances; the Western concept of orchestral music is not part of the musical heritage. However, Western instruments such as the piano, violin, and accordion are now often included in Shinaki concerts because they are adaptable to Shinaki music.
THE STATE OF THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
In the social sciences, one of the major concerns is the low rate of literacy and corrupt social system in Pakistan which directly affects the societies of the innocent villagers. Efforts are being made and outside the educational establishment to address this concern. Another social concern is that frequently young children must work—most often in agricultural sector —to supplement the family's income and sometimes to provide the sole income in the family. As a result, the children do not have time to attend school. Efforts made to address this problem have often involved trying to find work for the parents are possible but the Govt of Pakistan hadn't cosider issues like this.
In the physical sciences one of the largest problems is that because of ever-increasing population growth, natural resources are often misused, with land being lost to desertification, waterlogging, and soil erosion. There is increasing contamination of surface water from agricultural chemicals. Because of the important role of agriculture in the overall economy of the country, agricultural production is and will continue to be greatly threatened by land degradation unless solutions can be found rapidly.
Sunday, 15 February 2009
Shina Language
Shina language
Shina is a Dardic language and is spoken by a majority of people in Northern Areas of Pakistan. The Valleys include Nagar,Gilgit, Hunza, Astore, Chilas, Dareil, Tangeer, Ghizer, and a few parts of Baltistan and Kohistan. It is also spoken in Gurez, Drass, Kargil, Karkit, Badgram, and Ladakh valleys of Jammu and Kashmir. There were 321,000 speakers of Gilgiti Shina as of 1981, and an estimated total of speakers of all dialects of 550,000. Many Shina speakers are also found in Pakistan's major urban centres of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Abbottabad, Hyderabad and Karachi. Shina is a highly inflected language. It does not have prepositions like English, but rather slightly modifies the nouns. Zia ul Haq Anwar, a linguist in Sweden, is of the view that Shina has some structural similarities with English since Shina verbs are modified according to the case and tense; for example: likhay "write", to likhas "have written", likhum "will write", likhao "he wrote.
Dialects include Chaproti Shina (the main dialect),
Giligti Shina
Hunzae Shina
Astori Shina
Brokskad (of Baltistan and Ladakh),
Domaaki,
Kohistani Shina
Palula Shina
Savi and
Ushojo Shina
“
" These names are used in Gilgit, Hunza, Nager, and were most probably introduced by the Shins, as they were in use long before the Sikh power was felt across the Indus. It would seem as if the Shins, while introducing the Hindu days of the week, adopted in other respects the mode of computing time already existing in the country."
Common words and phrases
Days of the week
Shina is a Dardic language and is spoken by a majority of people in Northern Areas of Pakistan. The Valleys include Nagar,Gilgit, Hunza, Astore, Chilas, Dareil, Tangeer, Ghizer, and a few parts of Baltistan and Kohistan. It is also spoken in Gurez, Drass, Kargil, Karkit, Badgram, and Ladakh valleys of Jammu and Kashmir. There were 321,000 speakers of Gilgiti Shina as of 1981, and an estimated total of speakers of all dialects of 550,000. Many Shina speakers are also found in Pakistan's major urban centres of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Abbottabad, Hyderabad and Karachi. Shina is a highly inflected language. It does not have prepositions like English, but rather slightly modifies the nouns. Zia ul Haq Anwar, a linguist in Sweden, is of the view that Shina has some structural similarities with English since Shina verbs are modified according to the case and tense; for example: likhay "write", to likhas "have written", likhum "will write", likhao "he wrote.
Dialects include Chaproti Shina (the main dialect),
Giligti Shina
Hunzae Shina
Astori Shina
Brokskad (of Baltistan and Ladakh),
Domaaki,
Kohistani Shina
Palula Shina
Savi and
Ushojo Shina
“
" These names are used in Gilgit, Hunza, Nager, and were most probably introduced by the Shins, as they were in use long before the Sikh power was felt across the Indus. It would seem as if the Shins, while introducing the Hindu days of the week, adopted in other respects the mode of computing time already existing in the country."
Common words and phrases
Days of the week
English Shina Sanskrit
Sunday Adit Adityabar
Monday Sundura Sambar
Tuesday Ungaroo Mangalbar
Wednesday Bodo Budha bar
Thursday Bresspat Brihaspati bar
Wednesday Bodo Budha bar
Thursday Bresspat Brihaspati bar
Friday Shokor Suk bar
Saturday Shimshar Sanisch bar
Relations
· Babo: father
· Ajee: mother
· Sa: sister
· Kaki: sister
· Kako: brother
· Shumalo ,Chuno babo : Uncle
· Dado: Grand father
· Dadei: Grand mother
· Momo: uncle
· Phapi: anti- Phrases
- Khiri beyi: sit down
- · Weyi pi: drink water
- · Tiki kha: eat your food
- · Mas tut khush thamus: I love you
· - Jaik hal hin: How are you.
- · Konat bujeno: Where are you going?
- · Gapa kon hin: Where is Gapa?
- · Innewa come here.
- · Loko: quick
- · Mah buja mus: I want to go
- · Huntthay: pick up
- · Aagae :sky
- · Atay: bring
- · Chhal bal: children
- · Mishti dish kon hin: Where is the best place around
- ·Tu konet bojeno: where are you going?
- · Bado: big
- · Chonu: small
- · Thulo: fat
- · Ashato: weak
- · Zego: tall
- · Khuto: short
- · Mulai: girl
- · Yok hal hi: How are you?
- . Aj bala jak theno?: What are you doing now in these days?
- · Thae noome jake han? ; What is your name?
- · Mae noome ali han : My name is Ali.
Thursday, 12 February 2009
Contact me
rahat_qamar2008@yahoo.com
rahatqamar.hussain9@gmail.com
niha_world@hotmail.com
Cell. o312-2190260
0332-2522104
rahatqamar.hussain9@gmail.com
niha_world@hotmail.com
Cell. o312-2190260
0332-2522104
Wednesday, 11 February 2009
CHAPROTE
Chaprote
Chaprote has an area of 3 square kilometres.The region is significantly mountainous, lying on the foothills of the Karakoram mountains, and has an average altitude of 1,600 metres (4,910 ft). It is drained by the two rivers which are rising from the north of the vally from Kachaili and Gapa.(Pastures)
History
Chaprote was an important hub for years ago due to its unique safety location in the State of Nagar which was ruled by Buddhism rulars (Ra). People from the home village were spread to the neighbouring vellages i.e Chalt , Thole etc. A large number of Buddhist Sanskrit symboles have been unearthed on the surrounding hills..
“
'The former rulers had the title of Ra ,and there is reason to suppose that they were at one time Hindus but for the last five centuries and a half they have been Mohommedans . The names of the Hindu Ras have been lost , with the exception of the last of their number , Shri Buddutt(Ra of Gilgit). Tradition relates that he was killed by a Mohommedan adventurer , who married his daughter and founded a new dynasty , since called Trakhane , from a celebrated Ra named Trakhan , who reigned about the commencement of the fourteenth century . The previous rulers of whom Shiri Buddut was the last were called Shahreis .
”
Chaprote was ruled for centuries by the local Dynasty. However, its independence came to an end about afer the independence of Pakistan, the last Raja was Shouket Ali Khan.
The rulers of Hunza and Nager claim origin with the Trakhàn dynasty (Gilgit). They claim descent from a heroic Kayani Prince of Persia by the name of Azur Jamshid (also known as Shamsher) who secretly married the daughter of the king Shri Badat who conspired with him to overthrow her Cannibal father. Sri Badat's faith is theorised as Hindu by some and Buddhist by others. However, considering the region's Buddhist heritage, with the most recent influence being Islam, the most likely preceding influence of the region is Buddhism. Though the titular Sri and the name Badat denotes a Hindu origin of the this ruler. But cannibalism is not practiced in Hinduism or Buddhism at all.
Prince Azur Jamshid succeeded in overthrowing the tyrant cannibal King Badat who was known as Adam Khor (lit. man-eater often demanding a child a day from his subjects, his demise is still celebrated to this very day by locals in traditional annual celebrations. In the beginning of the new year, where a Juniper procession walks along the river, in memory of chasing the cannibal king Sri Badat away.
Azur Jamshid abdicated after 16 years of rule in favour of his wife Nur Bakht Khatùn until their son and heir Garg, grew of age and assumed the title of Raja and ruled, for 55 years. The dynasty flourished under the name of the Kayani dynasty until 1421 when Raja Torra Khan assumed rulership. He ruled as a memorable king until 1475. He distinguished his family line from his step brother Shah Rais Khan (who fled to the king of Badakshan and with who's help he gained Chitral from Raja Torra Khan), as the now known dynastic name of Trakhàn. The descendants of Shah Rais Khan being respectfully known as the Ra'issiya Dynasty.
“
' The period of greatest prosperity was probably under the Shin Ras , whose rule seems to have been peaceable and settled . The whole population , from the RA to the poorest subject lived by agriculture . According to tradition Shri Buddutt's rule extended over Chitral Yassin Tangir, Darel, Chilas Gor, Astor Hunza, Nagar and Haramosh all of which were held by tributary princes of the same family.
”
Tourism and transport
Chaprote is one of the t major hub for all mountaineering expeditions in theNortrhern Area.
Important Places to Visit
Gapa
Shanie
Kachelli
Nile Barey
Road transport
Overview of the Karakoram Highway
Chaprote lies about 5 km from the Karakoram Highway The KKH connects Chalt. There are various transports companies i.e. Silk Route Transport Pvt, Mashabrum Transport Pvt and Northern Areas Transport Corporation (NATCO) at Chalt. But NATCO has vast coverage faciality. It offers passenger road service between Islamabad, Gilgit, Sust and Tashkurgan, and road service between Kashgar and Gilgit (via Tashkurgan and Sust) started in the summer of 2006. However, the border crossing between China and Pakistan at Khunjerab Pass (the highest border of the world) is open only between May 1 and October 15 of every year. During winter, the roads are blocked by snow. Even during the monsoon season in summer, the roads are often blocked due to landslides. The best time to travel on Karakoram Highway is spring or early summer.
Hospitals
Education
Schools
Colleges
Notable people
Picture Gallery
External links
Languages
Chaprote has an area of 3 square kilometres.The region is significantly mountainous, lying on the foothills of the Karakoram mountains, and has an average altitude of 1,600 metres (4,910 ft). It is drained by the two rivers which are rising from the north of the vally from Kachaili and Gapa.(Pastures)
History
Chaprote was an important hub for years ago due to its unique safety location in the State of Nagar which was ruled by Buddhism rulars (Ra). People from the home village were spread to the neighbouring vellages i.e Chalt , Thole etc. A large number of Buddhist Sanskrit symboles have been unearthed on the surrounding hills..
“
'The former rulers had the title of Ra ,and there is reason to suppose that they were at one time Hindus but for the last five centuries and a half they have been Mohommedans . The names of the Hindu Ras have been lost , with the exception of the last of their number , Shri Buddutt(Ra of Gilgit). Tradition relates that he was killed by a Mohommedan adventurer , who married his daughter and founded a new dynasty , since called Trakhane , from a celebrated Ra named Trakhan , who reigned about the commencement of the fourteenth century . The previous rulers of whom Shiri Buddut was the last were called Shahreis .
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Chaprote was ruled for centuries by the local Dynasty. However, its independence came to an end about afer the independence of Pakistan, the last Raja was Shouket Ali Khan.
The rulers of Hunza and Nager claim origin with the Trakhàn dynasty (Gilgit). They claim descent from a heroic Kayani Prince of Persia by the name of Azur Jamshid (also known as Shamsher) who secretly married the daughter of the king Shri Badat who conspired with him to overthrow her Cannibal father. Sri Badat's faith is theorised as Hindu by some and Buddhist by others. However, considering the region's Buddhist heritage, with the most recent influence being Islam, the most likely preceding influence of the region is Buddhism. Though the titular Sri and the name Badat denotes a Hindu origin of the this ruler. But cannibalism is not practiced in Hinduism or Buddhism at all.
Prince Azur Jamshid succeeded in overthrowing the tyrant cannibal King Badat who was known as Adam Khor (lit. man-eater often demanding a child a day from his subjects, his demise is still celebrated to this very day by locals in traditional annual celebrations. In the beginning of the new year, where a Juniper procession walks along the river, in memory of chasing the cannibal king Sri Badat away.
Azur Jamshid abdicated after 16 years of rule in favour of his wife Nur Bakht Khatùn until their son and heir Garg, grew of age and assumed the title of Raja and ruled, for 55 years. The dynasty flourished under the name of the Kayani dynasty until 1421 when Raja Torra Khan assumed rulership. He ruled as a memorable king until 1475. He distinguished his family line from his step brother Shah Rais Khan (who fled to the king of Badakshan and with who's help he gained Chitral from Raja Torra Khan), as the now known dynastic name of Trakhàn. The descendants of Shah Rais Khan being respectfully known as the Ra'issiya Dynasty.
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' The period of greatest prosperity was probably under the Shin Ras , whose rule seems to have been peaceable and settled . The whole population , from the RA to the poorest subject lived by agriculture . According to tradition Shri Buddutt's rule extended over Chitral Yassin Tangir, Darel, Chilas Gor, Astor Hunza, Nagar and Haramosh all of which were held by tributary princes of the same family.
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Tourism and transport
Chaprote is one of the t major hub for all mountaineering expeditions in theNortrhern Area.
Important Places to Visit
Gapa
Shanie
Kachelli
Nile Barey
Road transport
Overview of the Karakoram Highway
Chaprote lies about 5 km from the Karakoram Highway The KKH connects Chalt. There are various transports companies i.e. Silk Route Transport Pvt, Mashabrum Transport Pvt and Northern Areas Transport Corporation (NATCO) at Chalt. But NATCO has vast coverage faciality. It offers passenger road service between Islamabad, Gilgit, Sust and Tashkurgan, and road service between Kashgar and Gilgit (via Tashkurgan and Sust) started in the summer of 2006. However, the border crossing between China and Pakistan at Khunjerab Pass (the highest border of the world) is open only between May 1 and October 15 of every year. During winter, the roads are blocked by snow. Even during the monsoon season in summer, the roads are often blocked due to landslides. The best time to travel on Karakoram Highway is spring or early summer.
Hospitals
Education
Schools
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Notable people
Picture Gallery
External links
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